Maternal Labor Supply and the Introduction of Kindergartens into American Public Schools
利用美国各州对公立幼儿园的补贴政策差异，发现公立幼儿园使四成无更年幼子女的单身母亲因五岁孩子入学而进入劳动力市场，但对其他母亲影响不显著，且至少三分之一的新入学儿童原本会上私立学校。
Abstract Since the mid-1960s, many state governments have introduced subsidies for school districts that offer kindergarten. This paper uses the staggered timing and age targeting of these grants to examine how the childcare subsidy implicit in public schooling affects maternal labor supply. Using data from five Censuses, I estimate that four of ten single mothers with no younger children entered the work force with public school enrollment of a five-year-old child. No significant labor supply responses are detected among other mothers with eligible children. Results also indicate that at least one in three marginal public school enrollees would have otherwise attended private school.