Americans in Paris: The J. Walter Thompson Company in France, 1927–1968
研究了美国广告巨头智威汤逊在巴黎的分公司从1927年成立到1960年代初期为何失败,以及1960年代末如何取得有限成功,原因包括文化冲突、市场管制和反美情绪。
J. Walter Thompson (JWT), the leading American advertising agency until the 1970s, established a branch office in Paris in 1927. While many of JWT's worldwide branches became the leading agencies in their respective countries, notably Great Britain and Germany, JWT-Paris foundered from the late 1920s through the early 1960s. This article focuses on the reasons why: cultural clashes between the French and Americans, a regulated and protected French market, anti-Americanism among French businesses, and American condescension and insensitivity. It concludes with an analysis of and the reasons for JWT-Paris's achievement of limited success by the late 1960s.