How Does Child Labor Affect the Demand for Adult Labor?
利用墨西哥学校实验数据，研究发现减少儿童农业劳动会提高成人劳动力需求，表明雇主将成人视为儿童的替代品。
Abstract Do employers substitute adults for children, or do they treat them as complements? Using data from a Mexican schooling experiment, I find that decreasing child farmwork is accompanied by increasing adult labor demand. This increase was not caused by treatment money reaching farm employers: there were no significant increases in harvest prices and quantities, nonlabor inputs, or nonfarm labor supply. Furthermore, coordinated movements in price and quantity can distinguish this increase in demand from changes in supply induced by the treatment’s income effects. Thus, declining child supply caused increasing adult demand: employers substituted adults for children.