When Fair Isn’t Fair: Understanding Choice Reversals Involving Social Preferences
实验发现人们在不确定情境下，事前和事后对公平的判断不同，导致选择反转；研究通过考察权变计划和承诺需求，发现多数人持有时间一致的朴素道义论偏好。
In settings with uncertainty, tension exists between ex ante and ex post notions of fairness. Subjects in an experiment most commonly select the ex ante fair alternative ex ante and switch to the ex post fair alternative ex post. One potential explanation embraces consequentialism and construes reversals as time inconsistent. Another abandons consequentialism in favor of deontological (rule-based) ethics and thereby avoids the implication that revisions imply inconsistency. We test these explanations by examining contingent planning and the demand for commitment. Our findings suggest that the most common attitude toward fairness involves a time-consistent preference for applying a naive deontological heuristic.