Intellectual property rights and developing country agriculture
理论研究指出，加强知识产权对发展中国家的福利影响不确定，农业部门净收益取决于创新回报差异。证据显示农业研发对知识产权有反应，但发达国家技术可能带来搭便车收益；没有知识产权，农业生产力难以追赶发达国家。
Abstract Theoretical studies indicate that the welfare of the developing countries might either be improved or damaged by the strengthening of their own intellectual property rights. Net gains through their agricultural sectors will be positive if the payoff from new innovations is sufficiently different as compared to the technology‐exporting countries. Scattered evidence supports the hypotheses that agricultural R&D is responsive to IPRs in developing countries, but there is also evidence that developed‐country technology is sufficiently appropriate for developing countries as to offer substantial free‐rider gains. However, without IPRs it seems unlikely that the agricultural productivity rates in developing countries can begin to catch up with those in developed country agriculture.