The Measurement of Early Retirement
利用社会保障局的连续工作历史样本，发现男性提前退休趋势增强，并量化了因伤残退休与部分退休对整体退休率的影响，同时批判了基于人口普查数据的残差方法。
The Social Security Administration's Continuous Work History Sample is used to show a strong trend towards more frequent early retirement among men. Moreover, the effects of including retirements due to incapacitation with other retirements and of including partial retirements with full retirements are quantified. The extent of retirement has previously been measured by the application of residual methods to aggregated census bureau data on population and labor force. The assumptions underlying that technique are examined critically, and issue is taken with a published study that purported to demonstrate with residual methods that the age at retirement of men is not changing.