Swiss Auctions
研究了同时密封投标多物品拍卖中，指定赢家可撤回出价的模型，发现当竞标者面临边际成本上升时，撤回选项可能导致均衡价格下降，且边际成本曲线斜率增加也可能降低价格。
This paper studies a model of simultaneous sealed-bid multiobject auctions where the designated winner has the possibility of withdrawing his bid. It is shown that, when the bidders face rising marginal costs (a capacity constraint), the introduction of such a withdrawal option may lead to lower equilibrium prices. Furthermore, an increase in the slope of the marginal cost curve may lead to lower equilibrium prices.