Rethinking the effects of stressors: A longitudinal study on personal initiative.
基于控制理论框架，通过四波纵向数据（172-193名参与者）发现工作压力源与个人主动性正相关，而非通常认为的负相关，且未发现曲线关系。
This study examined the relationship between stressors at work and personal initiative (PI), one proactive concept of extra-role performance. Using a control theory framework to describe the stress process, the authors hypothesized that stressors should be positively related to PI. This departs from findings of negative relationships between stressors and other types of performance. Furthermore, curvilinear relationships were tested. The analyses, based on 4 measurement waves of a longitudinal field study with 172 to 193 participants, showed that stressors were positively related to subsequent changes in PI; there was no support for a curvilinear relationship.