Costly Voting
分析投票有成本时哪种投票规则更好，针对两选项选举，发现自愿参与的多数投票优于强制参与和随机决策。
What are good voting rules if voting is costly? We analyze this question for the case that an electorate chooses among two alternatives. In a symmetric private value model of voting we show that majority voting with voluntary participation Pareto-dominates majority voting with compulsory participation as well as random decision-making.