Sensitivity Analysis for Certain Permutation Inferences in Matched Observational Studies
提出一种通用且简单的方法，用于展示匹配观察研究中置换推断对未观测协变量假设的敏感性，适用于Wilcoxon符号秩检验、配对二值响应的McNemar-Cox检验及变数量对照匹配问题。
In observational studies, treatments are not randomly assigned to experimental units, so that randomization tests and their associated interval estimates are not generally applicable. In an effort to compensate for the lack of randomization, treated and control units are often matched on the basis of observed covariates; however, the possibility remains of bias due to residual imbalances in unobserved covariates. A general though simple method is proposed for displaying the sensitivity of permutation inferences to a range of assumptions about unobserved covariates in matched observational studies. The sensitivity analysis is applicable to Wilcoxon's signed rank test, to the McNemar-Cox test for paired binary responses, and to some matching problems with a variable number of controls.