Job attitude and motivation differences between volunteers and employees from comparable organizations.
比较了八家组织中志愿者与员工的工作态度和动机差异，发现志愿者在内在动机以外的变量上表现更积极，结果支持“充分理由”效应。
Differences in job attitudes and work motivation between volunteers and employees are reported The sample consists of members of eight organizations" volunteerstaffed and employee-staffed newspapers, poverty relief agencies, family planning clinics, and fire departments It was expected that volunteers will report greater intrinsic, social, and service motivation, greater job satisfaction, and less intent to leave and that they will report that their activities are more praiseworthy than will employees The expectation is confirmed for all variables except intrinsic motivation, using 2 (voluntary vs employing) X 4 (task type) analyses of variance These results are consistent with "sufficiency-of-justification" effects The limitations of the present study and implications of the intrinsic-motivation exception for generalizations of laboratory findings to the workplace are discussed