Leaving Boys Behind
利用美国“监测未来”调查数据，发现1980年代至2000年代，女孩高中GPA众数从B升至A，而男孩仍为B，通过分解分析表明，研究生或专业学校期望的性别差异变化是主因。
Using data from the "Monitoring the Future" surveys, this paper shows that from the 1980s to the 2000s, the mode of girls' high school GPA distribution has shifted from "B" to "A," essentially "leaving boys behind" as the mode of boys' GPA distribution stayed at "B." In a reweighted Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition of achievement at each GPA level, we find that changes to gender differences in post-secondary expectations, in particular expectations for attending graduate or professional school, are the most important factors accounting for this trend after controlling for school ability and they occur as early as the eighth grade.