Competition and Collaboration in German Technology Transfer
通过两年调查和从业者访谈，研究了德国技术转移系统在批评中保持韧性的原因，发现其活力源于资金和制度结构允许竞争与合作并存。
This paper reports on a detailed institutional study of the German technology transfer system using material from a survey of practitioners and observations of the system over a 2 year period. The purpose of this research was to understand the dynamics within the system which, despite heavy criticism over the past 10–15 years, has proved remarkably resilient, competitive and capable of change. It is argued that the dynamism lies within the funding and the institutional structures of the system which allow competition to exist alongside collaboration and networking, thus incorporating the best of a ‘market‐based’ technology transfer system with the advantages of regulation and coordination. These inherent, but contradictory, pressures are termed ‘symbiotic tension’: it is argued that this is key to understanding the resilience of the system.