The Employment Relationship and Inequality: How and Why Changes in Employment Practices are Reshaping Rewards in Organizations
综述美国雇佣关系从封闭内部系统转向开放外部市场的变化，分析短期雇佣、外包、绩效薪酬等实践如何通过影响组织内回报分配和利益相关者间分配加剧不平等。
We review the literature on recent changes to US employment relationships, focusing on the causes of those changes and their consequences for inequality. The US employment model has moved from a closed, internal system to one more open to external markets and institutional pressures. We describe the growth of short-term employment relationships, contingent work, outsourcing, and performance pay as well as the success of social identity movements in shaping employment benefits. In doing so, we address the role of organizations as sites of conflict within and between stakeholder groups, examining how struggles among stakeholders have contributed to reorganizing employment relationships. We also examine how these changes have affected inequality by (i) influencing the distribution of rewards within organizations (via changes in the determination of pay and benefits and in the allocation of workers to jobs) and (ii) altering, on a macro level, how rewards are distributed among different stakeholders. In closing, we identify areas where future work is urgently needed.