Gender and racial earnings differentials in academic labor markets
研究了大学教师中不同种族和性别群体的收入差异，将差异分解为可解释部分和不可解释部分，发现白人女性收入比白人男性低约4%，黑人男性高7.4%，亚裔男性高7.7%，且归化公民或非公民存在收入惩罚。
This study estimates earnings differentials across racial and gender groups among college faculty, and decomposes these differentials into the components attributable to differences in individual and institutional characteristics and that which remains unexplained. We find that white females earn approximately 4 percent less than white males; black males earn 7.4 percent more; black females earn one percent more; Hispanic males earn 2.7 percent more; Hispanic females earn 1.7 percent less; and Asian males earn 7.7 percent more than comparable white males. We also find a significant earnings penalty for being a naturalized citizen or noncitizen versus an U.S.-born citizen.