A Theory of Firm Scope
基于“冷落”行为构建模型，分析权威在企业边界决策中的作用，比较非一体化与一体化在协调标准选择时的效率差异，并解释思科收购StrataCom的案例。
The formal literature on firm boundaries has assumed that ex post conflicts are resolved through bargaining. In reality, parties often simply exercise their decision rights. We develop a model, based on shading, in which the use of authority has a central role. We consider two firms deciding whether to adopt a common standard. Nonintegrated firms may fail to coordinate if one firm loses. An integrated firm can internalize the externality, but puts insufficient weight on employee benefits. We use our approach to understand why Cisco acquired StrataCom, a provider of new transmission technology. We also analyze delegation.