Local Economic Impacts of Coal Mining in the United States 1870 to 1970
利用新收集的百年县级数据，研究煤矿开采对美国地方经济的短期和长期影响，发现最初十年人口和制造业增长，但随后数十年转为负面，证实“资源诅咒”是长期现象。
This article expands upon the current "resource curse" literature by using newly collected county data, spanning over a century, to capture the short-and long-run effects of coal mining activity. It provides evidence that increased levels of coal production had positive net impacts on county-level population and manufacturing activity over an initial ten-year span, which become negative over the subsequent decades. The results provide evidence that any existence of a "resource curse" on local areas due to coal mining is a long-run phenomenon, and in the short run M ining and the exploitation of natural resources has long been seen as a mixed blessing for the development of an economic area. Rich endowments of resources provide cheap access to important inputs in the production process, which can lead to increased employment and higher incomes On the other hand, many studies describe a "resource curse," in which the area becomes focused on exploitation of the resource and does not develop more broadly. The export of the mining product could crowd out other economic activities (Sachs and Warner 2001). Other scholars have emphasized the quality of institutions as the main factor in determining if there is a positive or negative relationship between resource endowments and incomes The process of unearthing the resources can have negative consequences for health, making the mining area an unattractive place to extent that the mines have to pay compensating high wages to get miners to come work there (Fishback 1992).