Why People Stay: Using Job Embeddedness to Predict Voluntary Turnover
提出“工作嵌入性”这一新概念，包含员工与组织/社区的联系、匹配感及离职牺牲感知，并开发测量工具。研究发现工作嵌入性能显著预测离职意向和自愿离职，且解释力超过工作满意度、组织承诺等传统变量。
A new construct, entitled "job embeddedness," is introduced. It includes individuals' (1) links to other people, teams, and groups, (2) perceptions of their fit with job, organization, and community, and (3) what they say they would have to sacrifice if they left their jobs. We developed a measure of job embeddedness with two samples. The results show that job embeddedness predicts the key outcomes of both intent to leave and "voluntary turnover" and explains significant incremental variance over and above job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job alternatives, and job search.