Meaningful Brands from Meaningless Differentiation: The Dependence on Irrelevant Attributes
研究了消费者如何因对无关属性的依赖而形成有意义的品牌偏好，对品牌策略和广告设计有启发。
Gregory S. Carpenter, Rashi Glazer, Kent Nakamoto, Meaningful Brands from Meaningless Differentiation: The Dependence on Irrelevant Attributes, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Aug., 1994), pp. 339-350