Time structure and purpose, Type A behavior, and the Protestant work ethic
研究时间结构与目的问卷与A型行为、新教工作伦理的关系，发现时间结构维度与A型行为的竞争成就方面正相关，但与全局A型或工作伦理无关，验证了问卷的效度。
This study extended pioneering research of M. J. Bond and N. T. Feather (1988) into time structure and purpose. These investigators reported generally positive relationships between five time structure components and Type A behavior and orthogonal relationships with the Protestant work ethic (PWE). Such findings seemed inconsistent with theoretical expectations, and therefore potentially threatened the nomological validity of Bond and Feather's Time Structure Questionnaire (TSQ). In this study, two samples of employed persons (total N=407) completed self-report surveys. No time structure component was associated with global Type A or PWE measures. Orthogonal relationships also appeared with impatient, irritable, and time-pressured aspects of Type A behavior, and with three PWE beliefs concerned with asceticism, leisure, and perceived superiority to others. On the other hand, some TSQ dimensions, particularly Persistence, related positively to PWE beliefs that hard work is essential to produce valued outcomes. Moreover, five of six TSQ components tended to be strongly and positively linked with the hard-driving, competitive, and achievement-oriented side of Type A behavior. This study reconciled past and current research findings, and affirmed the potential importance of time structure and purpose in the study of organizational behavior. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.