Inward Technology Licensing as an Alternative to Internal R&D in New Product Development: A Conceptual Framework
本文回顾了内向技术许可（ITL）的文献，提出一个概念框架解释企业为何采用ITL替代内部研发，认为这是组织对内外环境刺激的行为反应。
Many marketing practitioners and authors already accept that inward technology licensing (ITL) can be a viable alternative source of new products to internal R&D. Yet, new product development research focuses mainly on internal development with little attention to external methods. Kwaku Atuahene‐Gima reviews the small body of literature on ITL and examines the factors that may influence a firm to adopt ITL as an alternative to internal R&D. Using a conceptual framework to provide additional insights, he argues that the ITL adoption decision is an organizational behavioral response to internal and external environmental stimuli.