Global Sourcing
构建了一个南北贸易模型，研究生产率不同的最终产品企业如何选择中间投入品的生产组织方式（内部生产或外包）以及供应商所在地（本国或外国），并分析行业特征对组织形式分布的影响。
We present a North‐South model of international trade in which differentiated products are developed in the North. Sectors are populated by final‐good producers who differ in productivity levels. On the basis of productivity and sectoral characteristics, firms decide whether to integrate into the production of intermediate inputs or outsource them. In either case they have to decide from which country to source the inputs. Final‐good producers and their suppliers must make relationship‐specific investments, both in an integrated firm and in an arm’s‐length relationship. We describe an equilibrium in which firms with different productivity levels choose different ownership structures and supplier locations. We then study the effects of within‐sectoral heterogeneity and variations in industry characteristics on the relative prevalence of these organizational forms.