Using Information From Demographic Analysis in Post-Enumeration Survey Estimation
针对1990年美国普查后调查中男性人口的双系统估计，利用人口分析提供的全国性别比，避免独立性假设，提出了多种替代估计方法。
Abstract Population estimates from the 1990 Post-Enumeration Survey (PES), used to measure decennial census undercount, were obtained from dual system estimates (DSE's) that assumed independence within strata defined by age-race-sex-geography and other variables. We make this independence assumption for females, but develop methods to avoid the independence assumption for males within strata by using national level sex ratios from demographic analysis (DA). This is done by using DSE results for females and the DA sex ratios to determine national level control totals for male population by age-race groups. These control totals are then used to determine some function of the individual strata 2 × 2 table probabilities for males that is assumed constant across strata within age-race groups. One such candidate function is the cross-product ratio, but other functions can be used that lead to different DSEs. We consider several such alternative DSE's, and use DA results for 1990 to apply them to data from the 1990 U.S. census and PES.