A Stakeholder Perspective on Family Firm Performance
从利益相关者理论出发，分析了家族企业在财务和非财务绩效上的多种关系（重叠、因果、协同、替代），并指出这些关系能提升利益相关者满意度，进而增强组织有效性。
Through the lens of stakeholder theory, this article deepens our understanding of financial and nonfinancial performance outcomes in family firms across multiple stakeholder categories, including the family level of analysis. Based on this foundation, we develop a typology of performance relationships between performance outcomes: overlapping, causal, synergistic, and substitutional. We argue that these relationships, when used between constructive (positive) performance outcomes, are able to increase stakeholder satisfaction, which in turn increases organizational effectiveness. Through this analysis, we extend the common one-dimensional and cause-effect understanding of performance in family firms and move toward a comprehensive stakeholder performance perspective, which provides insights for increasing organizational effectiveness of family firms.