The Effects of Competition on Retail Structure: An Examination of Intratype, Intertype, and Intercategory Competition
研究了不同类型零售商之间的竞争关系，发现大型商店数量与小型商店数量和规模正相关，表明它们之间存在互利关系而非单纯竞争。
Discount retailers and "category killers" are believed to be so detrimental to the existing retail environment that many communities have fought their entry through zoning and other regulations. However, the authors suggest that the patterns of competition among different types of retailers are more complex than previously believed. To understand this complexity better, they explore the cross-sectional relationship of competition and retail structure for different types of retailers. Contrary to popular opinion, the findings suggest a positive association between the number of larger stores and the number and size of smaller stores. This implies a mutually beneficial relationship among different types of retailers rather than an overwhelming competitive advantage for larger stores.