New Product Idea Activities in Large Technology Based Firms
研究了大型科技企业的新产品创意生成过程，在小型企业模型基础上增加了问题定义阶段，强调搜索是组织内的社会活动系统，并区分了计划与非计划搜索、结构化与非结构化程序、自上而下与自下而上的导向。
In a previous article, Norman McGuinness developed a model of idea generation processes used by small firms. Here he reports similar patterns for larger firms but adds a stage he labels problem definition. Since his model describes the progress of ideas through various predevelopment stages, this article yields additional insight into better management practices. It emphasizes that search involves a system of social activities within the organization and also distinguishes between planned and unplanned search, structured versus unstructured procedures and top‐down versus bottom‐up orientation.