Implementation and imbalance: dealing with hangover from the Uruguay Round
研究了乌拉圭回合协议中执行义务与援助承诺的不平衡，指出WTO法律体系无法将援助变为法律义务，但国际社会已通过双边和多边机构提供援助；TRIPS协议是失衡主因，但国际社会未予承认。
The Uruguay Round agreements impose bound obligations to implement, but provide only unbound promises of assistance—is there a legal solution within the WTO legal system, i.e. can implementation assistance be made a legal obligation? The author concludes that the Doha negotiations on trade facilitation and on aid for trade demonstrate that such a legal arrangement cannot be constructed. This is not, however, a problem; the international community has provided extensive trade-related assistance through bilateral and multilateral development agencies. Regarding the overall Uruguay Round imbalance (developing countries gave more than they got), failure of the international community to acknowledge that the imbalance stems in major part from the WTO agreement on intellectual property (TRIPS) has retarded a general making-up.