Market Orientation and the Learning Organization
提出市场导向与创业精神共同构成组织学习的文化基础，但还需适宜的组织氛围才能形成学习型组织，并描述了组织通过知识开发与利用提升绩效的过程。
Effective organizations are configurations of management practices that facilitate the development of the knowledge that becomes the basis for competitive advantage. A market orientation, complemented by an entrepreneurial drive, provides the cultural foundation for organizational learning. However, as important as market orientation and entrepreneurship are, they must be complemented by an appropriate climate to produce a “learning organization.” The authors describe the processes through which organizations develop and use new knowledge to improve performance. They propose a set of organizational elements that comprise the learning organization and conclude with recommendations for research to contribute to the understanding of learning organizations.