Getting ahead: organizational practices that set boundaries around mobility patterns
基于美国318个中大型工作场所的数据，分析了组织层面影响员工职业晋升的因素，发现组织结构变量与非管理层内部晋升相关，而人口统计变量与非管理层向管理层流动相关。
An organizational level empirical analysis of career advancement in organizations was conducted on a diverse sample of 318 mid to large size worksites in Georgia, USA. Two variables were used to indicate career advancement: (1) emphasis on upward mobility of non-management employees to other non-management positions; and (2) the movement of non-management employees into management. Two sets of organizational variables are differentially related to the two different indicators of career advancement. Organizational structural variables are more likely to be related to upward mobility within the non-management ranks, and demographic variables are more likely to be related to across-category movement from non-management to management. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.