Reputation tapping
通过实验和拍卖数据，研究了将美国葡萄酒产区与法国知名产区关联的营销策略（称为声誉搭便车）如何提升消费者对新兴产区葡萄酒的出价，并指出地理标志保护需监控企业个体之外的活动。
Models describing the development of collective reputation have focused on the impact of past performance measures, but ignore the role of various marketing efforts for food and beverage products that highlight appellation information. We designed a laboratory experiment and used auction data to estimate consumer response to information tying US wine regions to famous wine production regions in France, a phenomenon we define as reputation tapping. Results show that reputation tapping increases bids for the wines produced in burgeoning US wine regions. Our findings also suggest that full protection of geographical indications may require monitoring of activities beyond those by individual firms.