From Embedded Knowledge to Embodied Knowledge: New Product Development as Knowledge Management
提出新产品开发团队应重视认知过程，并指出T型技能、共享心智模型、团队惯例和领导者的A型技能是团队设计的关键变量，信任、信息冗余和人际互动是知识创造的重要过程变量。
Because new product development (NPD) teams are engaged in knowledge creation, NPD management should emphasize cognitive team processes rather than purely social processes. Using the notions of tacit knowledge and distributed cognition as a basis, the authors propose that the T-shaped skills, shared mental models, and NPD routines of team members, as well as the A-shaped skills of the team leader, are key design variables when creating NPD teams. The authors propose that trust in team orientation, trust in technical competence, information redundancy, and rich personal interaction are important process variables for the effective and efficient creation of new knowledge.