Decoupling risk taking from income stream uncertainty: a holistic model of risk
构建并检验了一个组织风险的整体模型，将风险分解为管理风险承担和收入流不确定性两个部分，发现组织和环境因素促进风险承担，环境主要通过管理选择影响组织风险。
This paper builds and tests a holistic model of risk in organizations. Using structural equations modeling, we disaggregated risk into two distinct components, managerial risk taking and income stream uncertainty, or organizational risk. This allowed us to identify an array of organizational and environmental antecedents that have either been examined in isolation or neglected in previous studies about risk. Our results suggest that both organizational and environmental factors promote risk taking. Further, we found strong support for behavioral theory of the firm and agency theory on risk but not upper echelons theory. Our data also suggest that environmental characteristics have a negligible direct effect on organizational risk. Instead, the environment’s impact on risk occurs primarily through managerial choices. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.