Union elections at the local level: the role effectiveness of committee persons
研究调查了地方工会治理选举前后委员会成员的角色有效性，发现落选者在选举前评分显著低于留任者，而新当选者评分高于被替换者。
Survey data were collected before and after a local union governance election in which half of the committeeperson incumbents lost. Examination of committeeperson role effectiveness shows that those who lost were rated significantly lower before the election compared to those who were retained. Newcomers who replaced incumbents were rated higher than those they replaced. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.