Board composition, stock ownership and the exemption of directors from liability
研究了工业制造企业中董事会构成、持股与董事责任保护之间的关系，发现独立董事比例过高会削弱独立董事会的治理效果，机构持股与责任保护正相关，且责任保护涉及社会与经济双重维度。
This research examined the relationships between board composition, stock ownership, and the existence of director liability protection in a sample of industrial manufacturing firms. Results indicate that the impact of board leadership on liability protection depends on the proportion of independent directors on the board. Findings suggest that high levels of independent directors compromise the governing effectiveness of independent board leadership. Results demonstrate that stock ownership patterns affect liability protection as well. High levels of institutional ownership are associated with liability protection. While the theoretical paradigm of organizational economics predicts that the decision to provide protection is based on economic advantage, this study shows that liability protection for directors involves social dimensions as well as economic ones.