Differences in Promotion Stress across Career Stage and Orientation
研究了晋升压力如何随内部职业取向（平衡、高、自由、领先、稳定）和外部职业阶段（学徒、同事、导师、赞助人）变化，发现职业阶段越高级，晋升压力越小。
Promotion stress is the experienced feelings of anxiety, concern, or tension with one's career reality in terms of the level one has reached in the organization. This study considers how promotion stress may differ depending on an individual's internal career orientation (balance, high, free, ahead, secure) as well as an individual's external, professional career stage (apprentice, colleague, mentor, sponsor). The results suggest no clear pattern of differences based on internal career orientation; however, there is a clear pattern with regard to external career stage such that as an individual progresses in his/her professional career, promotion stress decreases. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.