Slack, Innovation, and Export Intensity: Implications for Small– and Medium–Sized Enterprises
研究了资源冗余（即过剩资源）对中小企业出口强度的影响，发现低冗余或高冗余时出口更强，中等冗余时则聚焦国内市场，且创新水平会改变这一模式。
Despite the acknowledged importance of resources to small– and medium–sized enterprise (SME) internationalization, scholars have largely focused on the absolute level of resources rather than excess resources. Drawing on behavioral theory and literature on SME internationalization, we argue that SMEs intensify exports when pressured to find a way to survive at low levels of resource slack or when adequately prepared at high levels of slack. In contrast, moderate levels of slack result in a domestic focus by SMEs. We also suggest that for highly innovative SMEs, this pattern of effects changes. Analyses performed on a cross–country sample of 3,280 SMEs confirm our hypotheses.