Econometric Causality
本文从计量经济学视角讨论因果建模，定义新因果参数以解决具体政策问题，区分预期与实现的主客观结果，并对比Neyman-Rubin模型与计量方法。
Summary This paper presents the econometric approach to causal modelling. It is motivated by policy problems. New causal parameters are defined and identified to address specific policy problems. Economists embrace a scientific approach to causality and model the preferences and choices of agents to infer subjective (agent) evaluations as well as objective outcomes. Anticipated and realized subjective and objective outcomes are distinguished. Models for simultaneous causality are developed. The paper contrasts the Neyman–Rubin model of causality with the econometric approach.