Development Accounting
回顾了过去25年核算收入水平直接决定因素（物质资本、人力资本和全要素生产率）的进展，指出全要素生产率不仅直接影响产出，还通过影响物质和人力资本积累间接发挥作用，并探讨了其跨国差异的原因，强调要素错配是关键。
Researchers have made much progress in the past 25 years in accounting for the proximate determinants of income levels: physical capital, human capital, and Total Factor Productivity (TFP). But we still know little about why these factors vary. We argue that TFP exerts a powerful influence on output not only directly, but also indirectly, through its effect on physical and human capital accumulation. We discuss why TFP varies across countries, highlighting misallocation of inputs across firms and industries as a key determinant.