Unhappy Cities
研究发现美国大都市区居民主观幸福感存在持续差异，衰落城市居民更不快乐，但人们仍迁入这些城市，且新老居民同样不快乐；历史数据表明这些城市在繁荣时期也不快乐，说明人们并非只追求快乐，而是将其与其他目标权衡。
There are persistent differences in self-reported subjective well-being across US metropolitan areas, and residents of declining cities appear less happy than others. Yet some people continue to move to these areas, and newer residents appear to be as unhappy as longer-term residents. While historical data on happiness are limited, the available facts suggest that cities that are now declining were also unhappy in their more prosperous past. These facts support the view that individuals do not maximize happiness alone but include it in the utility function along with other arguments. People may trade off happiness against other competing objectives.