A model for the Dutch pharmaceutical market
构建了一个荷兰药品市场的一般均衡模型，分析患者、药剂师、药品生产商和并行进口商的行为，并用校准模型评估激励政策、共付额提高、贸易壁垒降低和仿制药进入等政策对药品费用的影响。
This paper develops a general-equilibrium model for the Dutch pharmaceutical market. The model derives the behaviour of patients, pharmacists, drug producers and parallel-importers from microeconomic principles and recognizes the interactions between the various actors. The latter is important since the general-equilibrium effects are sometimes at odds with intuition from a partial-equilibrium approach. A calibrated version of the model is used to evaluate the effects of various policy experiments on the bill for pharmaceutical care in the Netherlands. These experiments include an incentive policy to encourage cost-conscious drug distribution, an increase of copayments for pharmaceutical care, a reduction of trade barriers for parallel-importers, and market entry by producers of generic substitutes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.