Which countries protect intellectual property? The case of software piracy
利用软件盗版数据，研究发现发达国家、个人主义文化以及强合同执行和产权保护制度的国家盗版率更低，表明知识产权保护受经济、文化和制度共同影响。
Using data on software piracy, we examine how protection of intellectual property varies across countries. Consistent with other studies, we find that intellectual property receives greater protection in developed economies; high-income countries have lower piracy rates. We also find that protection depends on cultural factors. Countries with an individualist culture have lower piracy rates than do countries with a collectivist culture. Piracy rates are also lower in countries that have strong institutions that enforce contracts and protect property from expropriation. These results suggest that national policies toward intellectual property reflect not only economic concerns but also national culture and institutions.