Regulation of Location-Specific Externalities from Small-Scale Polluters
研究了如何设计针对小规模污染源（如农场、车辆）的位置差异化规制，发现清洁技术类型（排放捕获型或投入替代型）影响最优政策组合，高损害区应鼓励清洁技术，低损害区则需区分对待。
Abstract Emission damages caused by small-scale polluters such as farms, vehicles, homes and small businesses are often location-specific and such polluters are often regulated through a combination of location-differentiated cleaner technology standards and uniform, ʻdirtyʼ input regulation. We investigate how such regulations should be designed and combined under realistic assumptions. We find that if the available cleaner technologies are ‘emission capturing’ (e.g., end-of-pipe filters), they should be encouraged in both high and low damage areas, while if they are ‘input displacing’ (i.e., facilitating replacement of dirty input by cleaner input), they should be encouraged in high damage areas, but discouraged in low damage areas. Dirty input use should always be discouraged and the optimal regulation intensity may be substantial, particularly if the available cleaner technologies are input displacing.