Indigenization and the Long-Term Formation of Human Capital in Africa: The Airline Industry in East Africa Since 1946
研究了20世纪后期东非航空业（东非航空公司和肯尼亚航空）的人力资源本土化过程，发现本土化受限于本地专业人才短缺，通过与外国组织合作培训解决，但也催生了庇护主义。
This paper examines the Africanization of human resources in East Africa during the latter part of the twentieth century. Focusing on the case of the East African Airways Corporation (EAAC) and later Kenya Airways, we analyze the long-term development of staffing policy in these companies and the impact of the changing political and managerial environment (colonial rule, joint ownership by three independent states, Kenyan state-owned enterprise, private enterprise with foreign ownership). This research shows that post-independence Africanization was hampered by a lack of specific local expertise. The EAAC solved this difficulty by cooperating with foreign organizations that provided adequate training for African pilots, engineers, and managers. However, indigenization was also used in a less meritocratic way and promoted clientelism.