Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
利用德国纵向调查数据，研究发现疫情对自雇女性的心理健康造成显著恶化，而自雇男性无明显变化，财务损失、政府限制和育儿负担是重要解释因素。
We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.