Identifying countries at risk of fiscal crises: High‐debt developed countries
研究了发达国家能承受多高的债务与GDP之比而不发生财政危机，发现低增长调整利率、高最大基本盈余和强盈余对债务的反应是关键因素，并评估了9个高负债发达国家在2008年金融危机后的风险。
Abstract Crises in European countries in 2010 and beyond demonstrated that fiscal crises and sovereign default are not confined to emerging and developing countries. Advanced economies can sustain much larger debt‐to‐GDP ratios than emerging economies. But how much larger? Experience is heterogeneous both across countries and across time. What determines this heterogeneity? We show that a low growth‐adjusted interest rate, a large maximum value for the primary surplus and a strong surplus responsiveness to debt can support higher debt‐to‐GDP ratios without fiscal crisis. We use our estimates to assess fiscal crisis risk for nine high‐debt developed countries following the financial crisis in 2008. Our results imply that Ireland and Portugal lost access to financial markets because of the rise in growth‐adjusted interest rate, whereas Greece would have lost access regardless of the interest rate. Additionally, our results warn of potential future crises for Greece, Italy and Japan even if these countries remain in a low interest rate environment.