Environmental regulation, taxes, and activism
研究了行动主义程度与环境规制严格程度的关系，发现对于给定的税率，从宽松转向更严格的规制会降低环境冲突率，基于68个国家1995-2014年化石燃料生产环境冲突数据。
Abstract Social activism is a burgeoning human response to pressing problems around the world, and nowhere is this response more apparent than in the ongoing global push back against environmental externalities. In this article, we explore—for the first time—whether there are degrees of activism that relate to degrees of regulatory stringency. Using data on environmental conflicts resulting from fossil fuel production across 68 countries over the period 1995–2014, we find that, for a given tax rate, a move from a lax to more stringent regime lowers the rate of environmental conflicts. These findings underscore the contingent role of policy stringency as a trigger for intense social movements.