The hidden cost of smoking: Rent premia in the housing market
通过分析英国Zoopla租房信息中的文本，发现吸烟者需支付约6%的租金溢价，相当于每周额外14.40英镑的间接成本。
Abstract In this article, we provide novel evidence on the additional costs associated with smoking. While it may not be surprising that smokers pay a rent premium, we are the first to quantify the size of this premium. Our approach is innovative in that we use text mining methods that extract implicit information on landlords’ attitudes to smoking directly from Zoopla UK rental listings. Applying hedonic, matching, and machine‐learning methods to the text‐mined data, we find a positive smoking rent premium of around 6%. This translates into £14.40 of indirect costs, in addition to £40 of weekly spending on cigarettes estimated for an average smoker in the United Kingdom.