“One, none, and a hundred thousand” recipes for a robust response to turbulence
通过分析意大利20个大区的疫苗接种活动，发现应对动荡存在静态、混合和动态三种稳健模式，且稳健治理需要学习能力并灵活运用。
Abstract Turbulence appears to be a “new normal” in current societies, and public organizations need to learn how to react and adapt to it. Scholars agree on the need for robust actions to respond to turbulence. Through a qualitative comparative analysis performed on the vaccination campaigns of all 20 Italian regions, our paper explores whether different and alternative models of robustness may exist to cope with turbulence. Results shed light on three alternative models featuring static, hybrid, and dynamic robustness. They also highlight that robust governance appears to involve a capacity to learn, and to employ this learning as circumstances demand.