How stickiness to low-end markets leads to innovation: Co-evolution between Brother Industry Ltd. and Brother International Corp. USA, 1908–2000
通过分析兄弟工业株式会社的历史，本文挑战了日本企业通过总部控制、整合分销商并从低端市场向高端市场升级的传统观点，发现高度自主的本地子公司坚持低端市场反而帮助公司成为创新性全球企业。
This article analyses the history of Brother Industry Ltd. (BIL) to propose a new take on the conventional wisdom surrounding the internationalisation of Japanese companies – a common understanding that the key factor behind Japanese firms’ successes in establishing an international competitive edge was how the companies’ headquarters in Japan implemented a powerful combination of control and integration over their international distributors and moved up from low-end markets to high-end markets through unyielding technological development. By exploring the case of BIL, we locate a different path to growth where highly autonomous local subsidiaries sought to remain in low-end markets and thereby assisted their companies to develop into innovative global companies.