Help from the past—coworker ties and entry wages after self-employment
利用瑞典2010-2013年纵向数据，研究发现同事关系（新员工与在职员工曾共事）与入职工资高出2.9%相关，且这一网络溢价对自雇转就业者和换工作者一致，但自雇转就业者入职工资始终较低。
Abstract This paper empirically estimates how referrals mitigate the risk associated with hiring formerly self-employed individuals. We do this by comparing the networks and entry wages for two groups of new hires: those who exit self-employment to become wage-employed and those who change employers as wage employees, i.e., job changers. Referrals are defined as coworker ties through which the new hire and an incumbent worker share a common employment history before their current employment. We use longitudinal Swedish register-based data to evaluate the entry wages of the two groups of new hires for the years between 2010 and 2013. The results show that having coworker ties is associated with 2.9% higher entry wages and that this network premium is uniform across the formerly self-employed and job changers. However, the new hires from self-employment have consistently lower entry wages than the job changers, even if the exiting self-employed have coworker ties.